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                                                          4. Alpha-Synuclein accelerates Aβ-driven tau accumulation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease
                                                          News | 07/04/2025 | Research Spotlight

                                                          Alpha-Synuclein accelerates Aβ-driven tau accumulation and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease

                                                          A new study reveals that the protein α-Synuclein is more prevalent in advanced Alzheimer’s disease and that it accelerates amyloid-related tau accumulation. These findings show the need to consider α-synuclein in Alzheimer’s research and treatment strategies.
                                                           Spotlight Citation

                                                          This is a summary of Franzmeier, N., Roemer-Cassiano, S.N., Bernhardt, A.M. et al. Alpha synuclein co-pathology is associated with accelerated amyloid-driven tau accumulation in Alzheimer’s disease. Published in Molecular Neurodegeneration 20, 31 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13024-025-00822-3


                                                          The challenge

                                                          Aggregated alpha-Synuclein (αSyn) is a hallmark pathology in Parkinson’s disease and also one of the most common co-pathologies in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Preclinical studies suggest that αSyn can accelerate tau aggregation, which further drives neurodegeneration and cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. However, this could not be assessed in Alzheimer’s disease patients previously since reliable in vivo biomarkers of αSyn were not available. Recently, a new biomarker has been identified using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) seed amplification assays (SAA) that quantify the seeding and self-replicative aggregation potential of αSyn seeds in the CSF of patients. This allowed us to test whether αSyn co-pathology accelerates Aβ-driven tau accumulation and cognitive decline.


                                                          Our approach

                                                          We used the novel CSF-based seed-amplification assay (SAA) to determine αSyn positivity in a large cohort of 592 subjects with available amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and tau-PET imaging, including 308 cognitively normal individuals (Aβ-negative) and 284 with biomarker-confirmed Alzheimer’s disease pathophysiology (Aβ-positive). A subset of 155 Aβ-positive and 135 Aβ-negative subjects underwent longitudinal tau-PET neuroimaging over approximately 2.5 years. We used linear regression models to analyze our results.


                                                          Our findings

                                                          We found that alpha-Synuclein co-pathology was associated with elevated amyloid-associated CSF p-tau181 levels, higher tau-PET levels and faster tau-PET increases in AD-typical temporo-parietal brain regions. Furthermore, we found that αSyn co-pathology was related to faster AD-related cognitive decline, which was potentially driven by the faster tau accumulation. These findings suggest that αSyn is a significant modulator of Aβ-associated tauopathy and clinical disease progression in Alzheimer’s disease.


                                                          The implications

                                                          Our findings build upon previous pre-clinical and in vitro studies on the interaction between Aβ, tau, and αSyn. They suggest implications for disease prognosis: the presence of a αSyn co-pathology may further promote the aggregation and spread of tau, contributing to the development of AD dementia. Understanding the exact mechanisms by which αSyn may accelerate the Aβ-tau axis could help us understand how to prevent the transition from amyloidosis to tauopathy in Alzheimer’s disease. Therefore, αSyn co-pathology could be a treatment target in AD.


                                                          Creating SyNergies

                                                          The study was led by SyNergy member Nicolai Franzmeier who was joined by our members Johannes Levin, Matthias Brendel, and Günter Höglinger.

                                                          Participating Universities
                                                           LMU logo in white
                                                           TUM logo in white
                                                          Partner Institutions
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                                                          Helmholtz Munich logo in white 
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                                                          SyNergy is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation) within the framework of the German Excellence Strategy (EXC 2145 SyNergy – ID 390857198). The Excellence Strategy promotes outstanding research at German universities. 

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                                                          Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)

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